![]() Best solutions for IV fluid resuscitation.Choose a solution based on treatment goals and patient characteristics (see “Principles of IV fluid therapy”).Crystalloids increase intravascular volume the extent to which they do this depends on their tonicity (effect on fluid compartments). ![]() The most commonly used fluids in a hospital setting.Aqueous solutions with varying concentrations of electrolytes.The tonicity of a solution is determined by the solutes that do not enter the cell and are, therefore, osmotically active (e.g., sodium, potassium). The osmolarity of a parenteral solution takes into account the concentration of all the solutes, including those that enter cells (e.g., dextrose). The osmolarity and tonicity of a solution are not the same thing! Administering solutions with inappropriate tonicity can lead to life-threatening fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Higher than the intracellular compartmentĬan be hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic Describes what will happen to the equilibrium of a cell when it is placed in a certain solutionĮquivalent to the intracellular compartment.Reflects the osmotic effect of particles that cannot easily pass cell membranes, i.e., the effective osmotic pressure gradient.Tonicity: the capacity of an extracellular fluid to create an osmotic gradient that will cause water to move into or out of the intracellular compartment cannot be measured and has no units. ![]()
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